The History of the Smart Home, Part 2: Communication Problems

Created10/5/2021
We leave the office. At our command, our cell phone sends a message to the central unit in the house. The unit activates the air conditioning, and the signal is then relayed to the music player. Our favorite song fills every room, and the lights come on in the hallway and kitchen. A pleasant atmosphere fills the house. Everything is ready for our arrival.
 
A smart home isn’t just about smart devices with cutting-edge capabilities. A smart home is created by a network of interconnected devices that communicate with one another—preferably wirelessly. Such a system is commonly referred to by the modern acronym IoT, which stands for the Internet of Things. 

In the previous installment on the history of the smart home, we looked at the development and history of this phenomenon. Now we’ll take a brief excursion into the technological underpinnings. For a smart home to understand our wishes, it must be taught to “speak.” A proper—and, above all, wireless—network is essential for this. 

What does a smart home need?

It was 1999, and a young logistics specialist at Procter & Gamble walked into a meeting with his bosses to present a new technology that could help improve the supply chain. He titled his presentation “Internet of Things,” thereby laying the foundation for the term. It would later become a prerequisite for every smart home

For the next 10 years, the term disappeared from dictionaries, only to resurface at the turn of the new millennium with the launch of Google Street View. Information had leaked to the public that this major company was storing, among other things, photos from ordinary users and subsequently integrating them into maps. In doing so, it created a kind of shared network—one could say it was the Internet of Things (IoT). That same year, the Chinese government even used the term to describe the start of its five-year plan. The concept thus began to slowly take root in the real world. 

The IoT monitors and controls individual devices in the home. It facilitates the wireless transfer of information between them. Today, it’s also possible to control everything remotely using a cell phone or tablet. How does it all work? So what does a smart home need? 

There is strength in a common language

The answer may be simple. A wireless network. In 1975, a module technology called X10 was developed. It enabled home automation by using the electrical wiring for communication. However, its functionality ran into many problems, even though it is still used in some cases today.     

Although several methods for controlling a smart home have been invented in the past, three of them are currently the most widely discussed. These are the well-known Bluetooth, the ubiquitous Wi-Fi, and the specialized ZigBee technology. ZigBee has been on the market for more than 15 years, and during that time, it has caught the attention of all the major brands. 

The foundation for this was laid by the ZigBee Alliance. In 2002, the Alliance created a global standard with the goal of connecting devices over long distances at low cost, with low power consumption, and with the highest possible level of security. It succeeded, and today ZigBee is a component of many types of products across a wide range of industries.

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